As opposed to vibration in rotating equipment, piping vibrations are typically random and can even be non-Gaussian broad banded. These vibrations drastically differ from constant amplitude or multimodal vibrations typically seen in rotating equipment.
Practitioners can easily misuse the popular industry-accepted screening curves (i.e., The Energy Institute (EI) Velocity Screening Curves from the document “Guidelines for the Avoidance of Vibration-Induced Fatigue Failure in Process Pipework) to assess random piping vibration. The curves were developed based on constant amplitude loading of small bore piping connections. Moreover, the screening curves contain an infinite life “endurance” limit concept for vibrations below the concern limit. Vibration specialists should be aware that misuse of the curves may result in non-conservative, high-risk conclusions. In the below plot, the Energy Institute Piping Vibration Screening Curves are plotted on a linear amplitude scale.
The hardware and software used in E2G’s data collection system are fully customizable and expandable to meet any client’s needs. A 24-channel system (shown below) is capable of using accelerometers, displacement sensors, transient pressure gauges, and strain gauges.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis provides valuable insight into the sources and locations of flow-induced turbulence and allows for cost-effective design iterations to mitigate vibrations. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a valuable tool to support root cause analysis. The simulation results below highlight the expected reduction in pressure fluctuations caused by the recommended design change. The simulation below was developed to understand the source of the vibrations and to help prevent future failures of downstream expansion joints.
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